BEEKIND Because Bees Matter

Globally, the challenges faced by smallholder farmers, particularly those with limited land resources, are widespread. The issue of inadequate crop pollination is not unique to any country but extends to various regions where agriculture is a vital component of the economy. The reliance on pollinators, including bees, is a global concern given their indispensable role in supporting crop reproduction and yields. Here are some data points and global perspectives on the problem: 

1) Smallholder Farming: Smallholder farmers, often cultivating less than five acres of land, constitute a significant portion of the global farming community. According to the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), there are approximately 500 million smallholder farms worldwide, supporting the livelihoods of over 2 billion people. 

2) Dependence on Pollinators: Globally, a substantial portion of food crops depends on pollinators for successful reproduction. The figure is estimated to be around 75% of all crop species. Pollinators, including bees, contribute to the production of fruits, vegetables, and nuts, enhancing the nutritional diversity of diets. 

3) Threats to Pollinator Diversity: The global decline in pollinator populations due to factors such as pesticide use, habitat loss, and climate change poses a significant threat to agricultural ecosystems. According to the Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES), the decline in pollinators could jeopardize global food security. 

4) Impact on Agricultural Yields: Inadequate pollination affects the yields and quality of various crops, leading to economic losses for farmers and potential food shortages. The World Bee Project highlights that pollinators contribute to the production of about 35% of global crops. 

5) Need for Sustainable Practices: Sustainable agricultural practices are increasingly recognized as essential for preserving pollinator diversity and ensuring long-term food production. Organizations and initiatives worldwide are emphasizing the importance of agroecology, organic farming, and pollinator-friendly practices. 

In this context, the challenges faced by smallholder farmers and the crucial role of pollinators are universal. Humble Bee's approach to addressing the challenge of enhancing agricultural productivity, economic empowerment, and environmental sustainability for smallholder farmers, particularly women in rural and forest areas. 

BEEKIND is an integrated solution that empowers smallholder farmers, particularly those with less than 1 acre of land, through sustainable beekeeping practices. It is a comprehensive tech-and-touch model designed to enhance agricultural productivity, economic empowerment, food security and environmental sustainability. 

The Solution-Stack:

1) Tech-and-Touch Intervention: BEEKIND provides access to essential beekeeping training, guidance, and decision-support tools through a unique tech-and-touch model. Combines traditional knowledge with modern technology to empower farmers with the skills needed for effective beekeeping. We facilitate continuous learning and the adoption of ethical and scientific beekeeping practices through the BEEKIND app. Our AI-driven vernacular speechbot plays a pivotal role in providing hyperlocal data-backed decision support, offering insights into hive conditions, and diagnosing potential diseases. We are actively building models to optimize the placement of hives per crop and land area, ensuring maximum pollination and productivity. Additionally, our predictive migratory route planning feature enables beekeepers to strategically plan movements, leading to an increased harvest frequency of 6-8 times a year.

2) Precision Beehives: Introduces precision-engineered, high-quality beehives, bee colonies and other beekeeping tools that contribute to better honey yields, hive sustainability, and overall well-being of bee colonies. 

3) Diverse Hive Products: Offers beekeepers training and tools to harvest range of hive products beyond honey, including pollen, beeswax, propolis, beevenom, and royal jelly, creating a diverse income stream for beekeepers. 

4) Women Empowerment: Focuses on empowering women farmers who constitute a significant portion of smallholder farmers. Tailored initiatives address gender inclusivity, providing economic opportunities and improving livelihoods. 

5) Sustainable Practices: Promotes sustainable agricultural practices to protect pollinator diversity and contribute to the long-term health of the agricultural ecosystem. 

How it works: 

Smallholder farmers receive hands-on, on-field training and support in beekeeping practices, hive management, and sustainable agriculture. Initiatives specifically target and empower women in agriculture. Sustainable practices are encouraged to protect pollinator diversity and ensure the resilience of the agricultural ecosystem. Precision-engineered edible oil-treated pinewood beehives are introduced to improve hive yield and overall colony health. The program's focus on diverse hive products expands income opportunities for farmers. 

BEEKIND app and intervention builds scientific capacity of beekeepers and farmers with smart decision tools, vernacular AI-speech helpdesk, comprehensive learning repository, peer/expert support community, credit connects and a fair-trade marketplace for quality hive products (sale/purchase) for small-scale beekeepers across India. Our mission is to maximize hive productivity, narrow information asymmetry, reduce the gender divide (by unlocking beekeeping as a low-barrier economic activity), enhance crop yields, mitigate climate change, and benefit the overall health of bees and local ecosystems. Our platform and solution revolves around transforming small-scale beekeeping by leveraging AI, speech and image recognition, vernacularization and other technologies. 

BEEKIND aims to empower smallholder farmers, particularly those with less than 1 acre of land, through sustainable beekeeping practices. The target population includes marginalized farmers who are currently underserved in various ways: 

Target Population: 

(i) Smallholder Farmers: Primarily those with less than 1 acre of land, constituting a vulnerable and underserved group. 

(ii) Women Farmers: Specifically focuses on women who play a crucial role in agriculture but face gender disparities. 

Current Underserved Challenges: 

(i) Limited Resources: Smallholder farmers often lack access to essential resources, training, and tools needed for efficient beekeeping. 

(ii) Gender Disparities: Women farmers, despite their significant contribution, face barriers to economic opportunities and empowerment in agriculture. 

(iii) Poor Hive Management: Results in pest attacks, improper honey handling, and declining colonies

(iv) Challenges in Seasonal Migration: Beekeepers struggle to find nectar sources during lean flora seasons, impacting earning and bee mortality

(v) Inadequate Access to Resources: Difficulty accessing quality bees, precision engineered beeboxes and equipment hinder sustainable practices

(vi) Inadequate Access to Credit: Due to poor awareness and preparedness

(vii) Poor Market Access and Price Realization: Beekeepers get low prices for honey, affecting motivation for sustainable beekeeping

(viii) Lack of Data: Absence of reliable data management inhibits sectoral growth

Through our tech-and-touch Intervention, BEEKIND provides access to essential beekeeping training, guidance, and decision-support tools. It amalgames traditional knowledge with modern technology for effective and scientific beekeeping practices. The BEEKIND app facilitates continuous learning and adoption of ethical practices. Precision Beehives: Introduces precision-engineered, high-quality beehives, addressing the need for sustainable and productive hive management. Our intervention also offers training and tools for harvesting various hive products, creating diverse income streams for farmers. Tailored initiatives and support systems are specifically designed to empower women farmers, addressing gender inclusivity, providing economic opportunities and improving livelihoods. Our larger focus in on promoting sustainable agricultural practices to protect pollinator diversity and ensure the long-term health of ecosystems and communities.

Overall Impact: 

(i) Economic Empowerment: Enhances the income potential of small landholders through honey and hive product harvest. 

(ii) Gender Inclusivity: Focuses on empowering women farmers, addressing gender disparities in agriculture. 

(iii) Sustainable Agriculture: Promotes ethical and sustainable practices, contributing to the preservation of pollinator resources. 

(iv) Community Resilience: Provides a comprehensive solution to the challenges faced by smallholder farmers, fostering resilience within rural communities. 

BEEKIND stands as a promising model that directly impacts the lives of smallholder farmers, addressing their unique needs and contributing to economic, social, and environmental sustainability.

BEEKIND team is uniquely positioned to address challenges in the apiculture and agricultural sectors, and our leadership team, comprising Monika Shukla (CEO), Varun Kashyap (CSO), and Vaibhav Trimukhe (COO), is well-equipped to design and deliver this solution. Their collective experience and commitment to agroecology, rural economy, and gender parity form the foundation of our approach. 

Monika Shukla (CEO): Bringing a decade-long experience as a social entrepreneur, Monika is adept at designing scalable platforms and solutions with a strong focus on systems thinking. Her passion for micro-entrepreneurship aligns perfectly with our mission to empower beekeepers, reduce gender disparities, and promote eco-sustainability. 

Varun Kashyap (CSO): A three-time social entrepreneur, Varun leads our growth, sales, and partnership strategies. His extensive experience in the social entrepreneurial realm is instrumental in scaling our impact, ensuring effective collaborations, and driving our mission forward. 

Vaibhav Trimukhe (COO): With a background in sustainable rural livelihoods and certification as a beekeeper, Vaibhav focuses on beekeeper onboarding, capacity building, and ecosystem development. His hands-on experience in building goat value-chains in Maharashtra adds valuable insights to our operational strategies. 

(i) Team Dynamics and Collaboration: Our collective experience of over a decade working together creates a strong collaborative dynamic within the team. This cohesion is vital for implementing and refining our solution effectively. 

(ii) Community Proximity: Direct interactions with over 400 beekeepers from 13+ states in India provide us with deep insights into their challenges. This firsthand experience enables us to tailor effective solutions and innovate based on real needs. 

(iii) Strategic Edge: As first-movers in this space, we have a strategic edge. Our vertically integrated solution-stack serves as a one-stop destination for beekeepers and farmers, offering accessibility, relevance, and comprehensive support. 

(iv) Vernacularization and Hyperlocal Decision-Making: To ensure greater accessibility and relevance, we vernacularize inputs and contextualize solutions. This enables hyperlocal decision-making, making our solution more effective and user-friendly. 

(v) Validation and Expert Support: Support from chief scientists and experts in Apiculture from ICAR and faculty from IIT Bombay validates our solution's approach and underscores our ability to collaborate with key stakeholders. 

In essence, our team is not only equipped with the expertise needed for designing and delivering the solution, but also maintains a strong connection with the communities we serve, ensuring our solution is guided by their input, ideas, and agendas.

We have implemented our solution across 5 states and multiple rural and forest-dwelling communities in India, impacting smallholder farmers and beekeepers. The solution has undergone consistent design and refinement based on real-world feedback and learnings from on-the-ground implementation. With a well-established presence in several communities, our model is primed for expansion to additional regions in India and potentially to other countries. The scalability and adaptability of our vertically integrated solution-stack backed by the BEEKIND app position us for seamless growth. We have received the Startup India Certificate, DPIIT certificate and have been selected by BIRAC, Department of Biotechnology as part of their Bio Innovation Grant to support further development of our solution. Our impact extends beyond economic empowerment, addressing gender disparities, promoting sustainable agricultural practices, and contributing to environmental sustainability.

We are applying to Solve because we recognize the transformative potential of the program in aligning with our mission to empower smallholder farmers through sustainable beekeeping practices. Needless to say, the funding available to further the solution is a valuable component. Our objectives in seeking Solve's support also include leveraging Solve's tailored capacity workshops to enhance our understanding of best practices, innovative strategies to scale and monitor our impact, and emerging trends in the sustainable agriculture and beekeeping sectors. Leadership coaching provided by Solve will also be instrumental in honing our team's skills, networks and refining our strategic vision for growth. We also recognize the value of in-kind and pro bono resources such as software licenses and legal services in streamlining our operations. Solve's extensive network provides a unique opportunity to connect with peers, mentors, and potential collaborators who share our commitment to sustainable agriculture and social impact. It can also open doors to strategic partnerships, knowledge exchange, and collaborative initiatives that amplify our solution's reach. The exposure provided by Solve in the media and at conferences aligns with our goal of raising awareness about sustainable beekeeping, empowering smallholder farmers, and fostering environmental sustainability. Increased visibility enhances our ability to attract support, collaborations, and resources critical for sustained impact. Joining Solve's powerful network will allow us to engage with like-minded leaders across industries and sectors. 

BEEKIND is revolutionizing the apiculture and agriculture sectors by addressing key challenges through a multifaceted approach: 

(i) Phygital Model for Beekeeping Transformation: BEEKIND pioneers a transformative Phygital Model by seamlessly integrating technology, embodied in the BEEKIND app, with the expertise of the BEEMITRA cadre. This model ensures continuous learning, promotes ethical beekeeping practices, and leverages an AI-driven vernacular speechbot for localized support, bridging the gap between traditional and modern knowledge. 

(ii) AI-Driven Vernacular Speechbot for Hyperlocal Support: The solution incorporates an AI-driven vernacular speechbot within the BEEKIND app, delivering hyperlocal decision support, hive-condition analysis, and disease diagnosis in regional languages. This approach enhances accessibility and relevance, catering to the diverse linguistic landscape of beekeeping regions and empowering beekeepers with context-specific insights. BEEKIND leverages a unique tech-and-touch model, combining traditional knowledge with modern technology to empower farmers with essential beekeeping training, guidance, and decision-support tools. 

(iii) Optimization for Maximum Pollination and Productivity: BEEKIND strategically focuses on optimizing hives per crop and land area to maximize pollination and productivity. This optimization allows beekeepers to achieve a remarkable harvest frequency of 6-8 times annually, significantly enhancing the economic viability of beekeeping for smallholder farmers. 

(iv) Comprehensive Hive Product Diversification: BEEKIND envisions the production of a comprehensive range of hive products from India, including pollen, beeswax, propolis, beevenom, and royal jelly. This diversification not only creates authentic markets but also offers consumers traceable and ethically sourced hive products, contributing to the overall sustainability of the apiculture industry. 

(v) Empowerment and Gender Parity Focus: The solution places a strong emphasis on empowering beekeepers, particularly women, through scientific capacity-building, fair market creation, and the promotion of ethical practices. BEEKIND is committed to creating resilient livelihoods, reducing gender disparities, and fostering inclusivity in the apiculture sector. 

(vi) Strategic Collaboration and Validation: BEEKIND stands on a foundation of strategic collaboration and validation, engaging with experts in apiculture from ICAR and faculty from IIT Bombay. This collaboration adds credibility to the solution's approach, ensuring that it aligns with the latest advancements in apiculture and receives validation from reputable institutions. 

(vii) High-quality Input Supplies: The introduction of precision-engineered, high-quality beehives sets BEEKIND apart. These beehives contribute to better honey yields, hive sustainability, and the overall well-being of bee colonies. This innovation improves the economic viability of beekeeping for smallholder farmers and enhances the health of bee colonies, fostering a sustainable apiculture ecosystem. 

(viii) Sustainable Practices: BEEKIND promotes sustainable agricultural practices to protect pollinator diversity and contribute to the long-term health of the agricultural ecosystem. By emphasizing eco-friendly beekeeping, the solution addresses environmental concerns and fosters a holistic approach to sustainable agriculture. 

(ix) Holistic Platform: BEEKIND operates as a holistic platform, offering smart decision tools, vernacular AI-speech helpdesk, learning resources, peer support, credit connects, and a fair-trade marketplace. This one-stop destination simplifies the beekeeping journey for farmers, reducing information asymmetry.

Our uniqueness lies in our holistic and innovative blend of technology, sustainability, empowerment, and a diversified product range, poised to transform the apiculture landscape in India.

BEEKIND operates on a robust theory of change, strategically linking its activities to both immediate outputs and longer-term outcomes for the target population. BEEKIND's theory of change outlines a progression from activities to immediate outputs and, ultimately, to transformative longer-term outcomes for smallholder farmers and the agricultural ecosystem.

Our Activities: 

1. Tech-and-Touch Intervention: BEEKIND combines traditional knowledge with modern technology through its BEEKIND app, providing essential beekeeping training, guidance, and decision-support tools. The BEEMITRA cadre complements this with hands-on, on-field training and support. 

2. Precision Beehives: Introduction of precision-engineered, high-quality beehives and beekeeping tools to enhance hive sustainability and overall colony health. 

3. Diverse Hive Products: Empowering beekeepers with training and tools to harvest a variety of hive products beyond honey, including pollen, beeswax, propolis, beevenom, and royal jelly. 

4. Women Empowerment: Targeted initiatives and support systems to empower women farmers, addressing gender disparities in agriculture. 

5. Sustainable Practices: Promotion of sustainable agricultural practices to protect pollinator diversity and contribute to the long-term health of the agricultural ecosystem. 

Immediate Outputs: 

1. Scientific Capacity-Building: Beekeepers equipped with the skills needed for effective and ethical beekeeping practices through a combination of tech-driven tools and hands-on training. 

2. High-Quality Beehives: Adoption of precision-engineered beehives leading to better honey yields, hive sustainability, and improved overall colony health. 

3. Diversified Income Streams: Training and tools enabling beekeepers to harvest a range of hive products, creating diverse income opportunities beyond honey. 

4. Women's Economic Empowerment: Targeted initiatives and support systems enhancing the economic participation of women in agriculture. 

5. Adoption of Sustainable Practices: Beekeepers embracing sustainable agricultural practices to protect pollinator diversity and ensure the resilience of the agricultural ecosystem. 

Longer-Term Outcomes: 

1. Resilient Livelihoods: Beekeepers experience increased income, economic resilience, and improved livelihoods. 

2. Reduced Gender Disparities: Empowerment initiatives contribute to reducing gender disparities in agriculture, particularly in beekeeping. 

3. Enhanced Crop Yields: Maximum pollination and productivity contribute to increased crop yields, benefiting both beekeepers and the broader agricultural community. 

4. Climate Change Mitigation: Adoption of sustainable practices contributes to the long-term health of ecosystems, mitigating the impact of climate change. 

5. Healthy Bee Colonies: Precision-engineered beehives and ethical beekeeping practices lead to healthy bee colonies, contributing to the overall health of pollinator populations. 

BEEKIND’s impact goals are aligned with creating a transformative and sustainable impact on the lives of smallholder farmers, particularly women, while fostering environmental sustainability in the apiculture and agricultural sectors. 

Impact Goals: 

1. Economic Empowerment: Increase the income levels of smallholder farmers, with a specific focus on women, engaged in beekeeping activities. 

- Indicators: Average annual income growth for participating beekeepers, percentage increase in income among women beekeepers. 

2. Gender Parity: Reduce gender disparities in agriculture by empowering and increasing the participation of women in beekeeping. 

- Indicators: Percentage increase in the number of women actively involved in beekeeping, improvements in the economic and social status of women beekeepers. 

3. Crop Yield Enhancement: Improve agricultural productivity through enhanced pollination services provided by beekeeping activities. 

- Indicators: Percentage increase in crop yields in areas where BEEKIND is implemented, qualitative improvements in crop quality. 

4. Environmental Sustainability: Promote sustainable agricultural practices and protect pollinator diversity. 

- Indicators: Adoption rate of sustainable farming practices by participating beekeepers, positive impact on local pollinator populations. 

To measure progress towards these impact goals, Humble Bee utilizes a combination of quantitative and qualitative indicators: 

(i) Surveys and Interviews: Regular surveys and interviews with participating beekeepers to assess changes in income levels, gender dynamics, and agricultural productivity. 

(ii) Income Growth Metrics: Tracking the average annual income growth among beekeepers, with a specific focus on women participants. 

(iii) Participation Metrics: Monitoring the percentage increase in the active participation of women in beekeeping activities. 

(iv) Crop Yield Data: Analyzing data on crop yields in areas where BEEKIND is implemented to assess the impact on agricultural productivity. 

(iv) Environmental Impact Assessment: Conducting assessments to measure the adoption of sustainable farming practices and their impact on local pollinator populations. 

Through a comprehensive approach to impact measurement, Humble Bee aims to demonstrate tangible and positive outcomes resulting from the implementation of the BEEKIND solution, contributing to the overall well-being of smallholder farmers and the sustainability of the apiculture sector.

BEEKIND leverages a combination of modern technology and traditional knowledge systems to empower smallholder farmers in the apiculture and agricultural sectors. The core technology components include:

(i) BEEKIND App: A comprehensive mobile application designed to provide essential beekeeping training, guidance, and decision-support tools to smallholder farmers. Its features include Continuous Learning Repository of beekeeping knowledge, training materials, and best practices, Vernacular AI-Speech Helpdesk that offers hyperlocal decision support, hive-condition analysis, and disease diagnosis, Peer/Expert Support Community, Precision Beekeeping AI-Models for optimizing hive placement per crop and land area, enhancing pollination and productivity and a fair-trade marketplace for Hive Products. 

(ii) BEEMITRA Cadre: A network of trained beekeeping facilitators who work on the ground, combining traditional knowledge with modern technology. Equipped with Hands-On Training, the cadre provides on-field training and support to smallholder farmers, particularly women, in beekeeping practices. The cadre monitors activities and diagnosis using the BEEKIND app and facilitates the adoption of the app and other technological tools among the farming community. 

(iii) Precision Beehives: Precision-engineered, high-quality beehives and beekeeping tools designed to contribute to better honey yields, hive sustainability, and overall well-being of bee colonies. 

Our approach combines the power of modern technology, including AI, mobile applications, and precision-engineered hives, with traditional knowledge systems and on-ground facilitators to create a holistic solution for sustainable beekeeping and agricultural practices.

We have 7 full-time staff members and 4 interns. 

We have been working for the last 24 months with 400+ small-scale beekeepers from 14 states of India, gathering insights, validating solutions and developing our models keeping them at the centre. Before starting this, we worked for 7 years on building the Udyamita model of micro-entrepreneurship and turned over 6500 people into micro-entrepreneurs across farm/non-farm/off-farm value-chains.

We are deeply committed to fostering diversity, equity, and inclusion within our team and across all aspects of our organization. We recognize the importance of diverse perspectives, experiences, and backgrounds in driving innovation and creating a positive impact in the communities we serve. Our leadership team consists of individuals with diverse backgrounds, expertise, and perspectives. Monika Shukla (CEO), Varun Kashyap (CSO), and Vaibhav Trimukhe (COO) bring a variety of skills and experiences to the table, contributing to a well-rounded and inclusive decision-making process. We prioritize gender parity and actively work toward empowering women, especially in the agricultural and apiculture sectors. Our initiatives specifically target women in agriculture, providing economic opportunities and addressing gender disparities. We are committed to implementing inclusive hiring practices that consider diverse candidates and reduce barriers to opportunity. We seek talent from various backgrounds to ensure a rich and diverse team that reflects the communities we serve. We foster a collaborative and supportive work environment where every team member feels welcomed, respected, and valued. Open communication channels, regular feedback sessions, and a culture of inclusivity contribute to a positive team dynamic. We recognize that creating a diverse and inclusive workplace is an ongoing journey. Our team is dedicated to continuous learning and improvement, staying informed about best practices, and actively seeking ways to enhance diversity, equity, and inclusion within our organization. We engage with the communities we serve to better understand their unique needs and challenges. By building relationships with diverse stakeholders, we ensure that our solutions are culturally sensitive, relevant, and inclusive. We actively seek partnerships and collaborations with organizations that share our commitment to diversity and inclusion. By working together, we aim to amplify our impact and contribute to a more equitable and just society.

Our business model is designed to create a positive impact on the lives of smallholder farmers by providing them with the tools, knowledge, and market access needed for successful and sustainable beekeeping. The integration of technology, empowerment initiatives, and market-driven approaches ensures a comprehensive and scalable solution. Here are the key components of our business model: 

1. Product Sales: We have an e-marketplace within the app for precision-engineered bee boxes, quality bee colonies, equipment, and tools. Sales revenue supports sustainable beekeeping. 

2. Fair Trade Honey Sales: We aim to establish a global fair trade e-platform for honey sales, supporting small beekeepers. Revenue reinvested in beekeepers and land restoration. 

3. Subscription Model: Beekeepers can subscribe to the BEEKIND app. The subscription fee grants access to app features, ensuring steady revenue and continuous support for beekeepers. 

4. Training Fees: In-person or virtual workshops, seminars, and skill development sessions. Training fees shall generate revenue while empowering beekeepers. 

5. Services and Consulting Fees: We aim to offer personalized services (such as seasonal migration) and consulting to beekeepers seeking expert advice or customized solutions.

We have strategically forged partnerships and engaged in capacity building and scientific beekeeping training programs with esteemed organizations. Our financial sustainability plan encompasses diverse revenue streams: 

(i) Setting up Community Facilitation Centres: We established a honey processing unit under CSR funding with KVK Hirehalli - ICAR in Tumkur, Karnataka. 

(ii) Philanthropy led cluster development: We are implementing CSR projects with NSDC and NRLM in Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, and Thoughtworks in Barabanki, enhancing both product sales and community impact. 

(iii) Government Collaborations: We have collaborated with UNICEF's YuWaah project to enable 500 young beekeepers in Odisha and Jharkhand, showcasing a strong partnership with government entities. 

(iv) Strategic Partnerships: We have partnered with Aga Khan Foundation and WWF India for interventions in wooden and mud hives in Valmiki Tiger Reserve, demonstrating collaborations with renowned organizations for ecosystem preservation. 

(v) Quality Assurance and Standards Compliance: We have collaborated with ICFRE - Institute of Wood Science and Technology to produce precision-engineered bee boxes meeting BIS standards, ensuring the quality and compliance of our products. 

(vi) Market Recognition: Received positive responses from agricultural institutions and beekeepers for our high-quality, BIS-compliant precision-engineered bee boxes, indicating market acceptance and demand. 

(vii) Revenue Generation: Generated revenue through input supplies and product sales, showcasing the viability of our revenue model. 

(viii) Investment in Training and Skill Development: Invested in training programs, workshops, and skill development sessions, creating additional revenue streams while empowering beekeepers.