Climate change: MALARIA

INTRODUCTION:
Malaria affects more than half of the world's population and more than 400,000 people die from it every year. Over 90% of the malaria burden is in Africa and we are seeing an alarming increase in some already malarial countries.
Women and children under 5 were particularly vulnerable to the acute and deadly form of the disease.
Biology is one of the main reasons for the heavy burden of malaria in Africa. African mosquitoes are unfortunately the world champions of the transmission of this disease!

The reasons for the persistence of malaria are complex and vary by region. Yet malaria remains a disease of poverty, which involves all components including lack of funding, education, weak health systems and infrastructure, as well as political and economic instability.
Let's ask ourselves this question:
Can climate change affect malaria? Its geography, its development?

Malaria is a particularly climate-sensitive disease, so an increase in temperatures and rainfall rates could lead to an upsurge in malaria cases. The WHO predicts an increase of 60,000 deaths per year due to climate change between 2030 and 2050.

One of the areas like sub-Saharan Africa could see an increase in transmission rates of 50%. In addition, extreme weather events sometimes prevent equipment and treatments from reaching affected areas, while standing water left in its wake provides an ideal breeding ground for mosquitoes.

MALARIA ESSENTIALS
Biology and epidemiology
Malaria is an entirely preventable and treatable disease. It is caused by a protozoan parasite of the genus Plasmodium and is transmitted from person to person by Anopheles mosquitoes.

There are more than 400 different species, but only 30 are important vectors of malaria. Malaria, a common and serious infectious disease caused by five different species of Plasmodium, including Plasmodium falciparum, Plasmodium vivax, Plasmodium ovale, Plasmodium malariae and Plasmodium knowlesi. Two of them, P. falciparum and P. vivax, pose the greatest threat.

Summary
Climate change characterized by the increase in the average daily temperature and the change of seasons, has become a subject of public health concern, with the incidence of malaria in recent years. Despite research on the global warming and efforts to fight against malaria (awareness campaigns, distribution of impregnated mosquito nets, care for the sick), the excessive heat continues to do damage. So what is the link between climate change and malaria?
To address these concerns, the survey on the impact of climate change on malaria was conducted through in-depth interviews with households. Our investigations mainly show that people make no connection between the effects of climate change and the risk of exposure to malaria.

Important new tools should be made available within the period covered by this Strategy . Vector control is an essential part of the fight against malaria and its elimination. The ability of vectors to transmit parasites as well as their susceptibility to vector control measures vary by mosquito species and are influenced by local environmental factors. Vector control must be carried out on the basis of local epidemiological and entomological data. Today, the two basic interventions applicable on a large scale are long-lasting insecticidal nets and indoor residual spraying.
National malaria control programs should ensure that all people living in areas of high malaria risk are protected through the distribution of long-lasting insecticidal nets, their use, their timely replacement and, where necessary, the indoor residual sprays.
Then there are improved diagnostic tests.

Too often children under five and pregnant women are most at risk of malaria, programs are trying to achieve universal coverage and use of vector control interventions to all age groups and on the other hand the people most vulnerable to diseases are also those who do not have access to health care due to stigma, gender inequality or discrimination. Eliminate human rights barriers: - Reduction of stigma and discrimination; - Training of health care providers in human rights and medical ethics; - Sensitization of legislators and law enforcement officers; - Reduction of discrimination against women in the context of malaria - Legal education; - Legal services ; - Monitoring and reform of necessary laws, regulations and policies.

Let's first talk about the profile of our organization:

Company profile ALLO HYGIENE PLUS (AHP)

As part of meeting the expectations of the population in phytosanitary needs, to relieve our environments of microbes, viruses, disease vector agents, insects harmful to health, rats, etc. Allo Hygiène Plus offers you services of: Disinfection ─ Disinsectization ─ Deratization. Based on research, her task is to intervene with customers in order to apply products in the appropriate treatments according to the different pests and to provide good technical advice to customers. Create to satisfy the population. We intend to put our know-how, our experiences to the well-being of the population, AHP proposes to offer phytosanitary services, that is to say the treatment of premises. The speed in the execution of the work with qualified agents available. Quality service at low cost. She is looking for new experiences, opportunities, a new challenge where the national and international dimension is very present. Its Founder, Director was EFOE ZOGUIDI K. ANANI.
In this program to fight against malaria, staffing needs vary depending on the context; our malaria control program is composed as follows:
variable depending on the context; nevertheless, the core staff within a malaria control program can be considered to consist of the following:
• a program coordinator or director: a person experienced in overseeing the program at the national level, who will have the authority to make decisions without political interference;
• an epidemiologist: an expert in monitoring and evaluating malaria prevalence patterns and associated causes, and able to assess the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of interventions;
• an entomologist: an expert in the mosquito vectors of malaria who ensures the use of the most appropriate interventions and who monitors their repercussions on the vectors and their behavior in order to ensure a lasting impact;
• laboratory technicians: people with the necessary skills at different levels, depending on national policies on diagnostic tests and quality assurance;

• a data systems specialist: a data systems expert who can ensure that information from surveillance flows properly and is easily accessible to the program
• a communication specialist: an expert in health education and public relations who can oversee outreach to communities and others;
• a logistician: an administrator capable of overseeing accounting, purchasing, transport and other systems;

• health care personnel: doctors, nurses and other staff members of health establishments as well as, in countries where access to care is problematic, community health workers. Depending on the overall program structure, some of these functions may be represented at different levels: central, provincial or district.

We absolutely must recreate this momentum and consolidate recent progress.

For example, seasonal malaria chemoprevention campaigns were implemented as planned in 2021, protecting an additional 11.8 million children. In addition, indoor residual insecticide spraying and distribution of long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets were carried out, largely in line with plans.
The goal is to reduce the number of people who contract malaria and die from malaria-related causes. It is an ambition that requires a focus on research and on the use of available evidence to ensure that our targeted interventions are characterized by a rational use of resources, leading to quantifiable results.
We also need to work on drug and insecticide resistance, and focus on new strains of malaria that are emerging in the Region and proving more difficult to detect and treat.

We are applying for partners who will help us because we are all involved in this scourge. And the funds or investments will help us:

─ To order a large number of products as requested by the manufacturers, in short to scale up production,
─ To plan awareness campaigns through the media:
● To send a press release to the local media,
● Made sure to phrase the release in a compelling and timely manner to generate interest
● To establish the visibility of the campaign through: billboards; advertising on buses for a period of two months; film screenings.
─ Informing communities about ways to prevent and treat malaria: A means of in-depth community engagement that will take a little more planning and preparation, but the first step is to better inform people. Mass distribution of program brochures to the community Picture book on malaria contains simple messages concerning the prevention of the disease and the care of the sick. Consider printing copies to distribute in conjunction with an antiviral anti-malaria campaign, or providing these materials to local clinics.
─ Paid the working staff

Innovation to end malaria:

Throughout history, innovation has driven progress towards a malaria-free world. Thanks to the long-term global commitment to innovation and the ever-increasing availability of new, proven tools, the global community has been able to save more than seven million lives and prevent produce more than a billion new malaria infections.
But our work is not finished. To end malaria in the half of the world that is still at risk of contracting this deadly and preventable disease, we must maintain our control of an ever-evolving parasite and mosquito. To do this, we must innovate how to serve the most vulnerable by delivering the right interventions at the right time. We need to expand access to treatments and rapidly scale up the use of proven tools. And we must continue to invest in developing, testing and delivering interventions that deliver transformative change in the future.

There is no magic bullet for a disease as complex and active as malaria, and to ensure that effective tools have the desired impact, a strong network of support from all sectors and around the world is needed.

If we maintain our commitment to innovation, the end of malaria is possible. With urgent and sustained investment, we can protect past gains and accelerate progress towards a malaria-free world.

In summary: Actively engage governments, public and private sectors, academia, civil society, foundations, donors, social action investors and other interested actors to design and scale successful innovations.

The aim of the malaria control and elimination program is to interrupt the transmission of the disease in areas where this is possible, and to ensure that malaria is no longer a health problem. public in areas where current tools do not allow .

The two main prevention methods are:
Sleeping under mosquito nets treated with long-lasting insecticides both prevents the bites of malaria-infected mosquitoes and kills the insects. It should be possible to obtain such nets for free or at low cost through substantial subsidies. The ideal would be to use one mosquito net for every two people at risk. Priority should be given to pregnant women and children under five who are the two most vulnerable groups.
Spraying the interior walls of homes with insecticide is an effective way to kill large numbers of mosquitoes. Various factors come into play when choosing the best insecticide for a given area, including cost, efficacy, product safety, or mosquito resistance to the insecticide. Spraying should be done just before the start of the mosquito season and repeated in subsequent years. If the time is not right or if spraying is likely to be interrupted or short-lived, it is best not to spray at all to avoid the development of resistant mosquitoes.

The main sources of data used for coverage, impact measures and intervention contextual factors are routine health information systems, community health information systems, surveys, demographic surveillance systems and health or sentinel sites, verbal autopsy, civil registration and statistics systems and entomological surveillance. Each data source has its own strengths and weaknesses that should be considered when interpreting the collected data.

Nationally representative, population-based household surveys are a primary measurement tool for collecting indicators of coverage and impact of malaria control programs and interventions. These surveys are particularly useful in many endemic areas for measuring the coverage of interventions targeting mainly households, such as the distribution of LLINs (long-lasting insecticide-treated mosquito nets) and for understanding patterns of intermittent preventive treatment among women. pregnancy and diagnostic testing and access to antimalarials for children with fever.
This allows learners to understand data collection, as well as the calculation and interpretation of essential indicators in the field of malaria.

Project Theory of Change

We believe that access to quality health care at the community level will significantly reduce the number of preventable deaths among children under five from the most common childhood illnesses in settings where health facilities are remote or inaccessible. .
We believe that community health workers, if properly trained and resourced, can provide high quality case management of diarrhoea, malaria and malnutrition in children under five.
We also believe that one of the biggest barriers to delivering high-quality community-based treatment is the lack, inefficiency or inefficiency of the supply chain systems needed to ensure the availability of essential life-saving medicines to this level.
We believe that an effective and efficient supply chain requires reliable and appropriate transport for the movement of goods, adequate and secure storage to maintain good quality medicines, sufficient quantities of essential medicines available at resupply points and a staff with the knowledge, skills and motivation to accomplish their mission and roles.

Development of the schedule for the work system, namely:
   ─ We organize work, meeting, conference and training sections using mobile applications through SMS, whatsapp, these means allow us to develop remote work.
   ─ Plan fieldwork through:
Awareness campaign to support the zero malaria program through:
   ─ The media, TV channels and radio broadcasting
   ─ Billboards, advertising on buses for a period of two months.
   ─ Massive distribution of program brochures to the community

Word from the management

Word of ANANI EFOE ZOGUIDI K
Director of ALLO HYGIENE PLUS (AHP)
Renowned for its tradition of excellence, rigor and innovation, ALLO HYGIENE PLUS is a dynamic and open place, conducive to the achievement of the most ambitious. In this spirit, I am convinced that an equitable, offered and inclusive community helps to perpetuate and strengthen this tradition. The diversity of ideas, experiences and ways of thinking and seeing the world leads to an intellectual and creative abundance that allows us to show anticipation and leadership.
Equity, diversity and inclusion are real wealth and together they are the key to an environment conducive to innovation. It is by promoting the collaboration of people from different backgrounds (culture, age, gender, experience) that ALLO HYGIENE PLUS will be able to carry out innovative projects with high development potential. For what ?
Because the diversity of men and ways of thinking makes it possible to better understand management issues and makes it possible to develop solutions with maximum impact for everyone.
By making equity, diversity and inclusion a central theme in its various spheres of activity, I have the firm conviction that ALLO HYGIENE PLUS can establish itself as a major institution of research and transfer in all areas of management. My commitment to equity, diversity and inclusion is clear: to create an environment of research and transfer where everyone feels respected and valued and to ensure that everyone involved has the opportunity to contribute to this environment of authentic way.
The next strategic research plan 2023 - 2028 reflects this commitment. Actions to foster equity, diversity and inclusion in processes
management of research and transfer are at the heart of this plan. In addition, tracking diversity indicators (e.g. number of research facilitators belonging to designated groups, representativeness of ALLO HYGIENE PLUS research laureate teachers) will allow progress to be monitored and action to be taken if the results do not are not up to our ambitions.
ALLO HYGIENE PLUS (AHP) can count on my commitment to continue to enrich a culture of openness and inclusion. All members of our community should feel welcomed, included and treated fairly. I invite each of them to exploit their full potential and contribute to the success of our establishment.
ANANI EFOE

The three fundamental areas of health financing are:

1. Collect enough money for health;
2. Remove financial barriers to access and reduce financial risks associated with illness;
3. Make better use of available resources;
The Allo Hygiene plus organization has set up a mutualized adaptation fund system:
Mutual funds
Progress towards universal coverage depends on securing adequate funding from a sufficiently large group of individuals, complemented where necessary by donor support and government revenue, and then spend those funds on the services people need. The more people who share the financial risk in this way, the lower the financial risk an individual is exposed to. In general, the larger the group, the more it is able to bear the financial risks. By this same reasoning, groups of a few participants experience only what actuaries call "extreme swings in usage and claims." For a credit union to exist, money must be invested in it and therefore a prepayment system is necessary. Prepayment simply means that people pay when they are healthy and use common funds when they get sick.
Prospective payment systems:
In these systems, health care providers receive a fixed amount regardless of the scope of care services provided. How this amount is determined varies. Sometimes providers are paid based on the person's diagnosis. In some systems, providers receive a fixed annual amount to provide health care to a person, regardless of the services that person uses (capitation systems).
Reduce overhead
These overheads include administrative costs, professional liability insurance, and profit from for-profit hospitals and insurance companies.

The fight against malaria cannot be won without the active participation of communities in affected countries. Multisectoral and intercountry partnerships will be needed to achieve the goals.
The main objective of the Plus Hygiene organization is to ensure that sufficient resources are available to eliminate malaria, including:
- Pursue social mobilization, including a grassroots movement to end malaria
- Continue and increase funding for the fight against
malaria, including domestic financing and the use of innovative financing
- Mobilize the private sector to play an important role in the elimination of malaria.
We organize marches, demonstrations and celebrations to support efforts to fight malaria so that we can give special attention to the level of private companies, government and the population so that we can help us financially through donations to support our programs.
The association continues to finance it through subsidies for the provision of services and collection at community level (farmers, etc.).

In history, my launch into entrepreneurship to meet this challenge began with fundraising on social networks such as Facebook and how it works:
The organization is both for-profit on the one hand and non-profit on the other hand in the context of helping the most vulnerable. We proceed through the publication of our products and services in my field of activity such as the disinfection of public places, health centers, premises. etc... and disinsection. On social networks to win contracts and donations.
We are looking for corporate loan partnerships, foundations to support our programs through grants like the Bill and Melinda Gates example.
We also need your.
It wasn't easy, but I have kept the courage to help my community to this day. I love my community.