Adaptation & Financial Impact of Climate

Sundargarh is a primitive district with predominantly tribal population characterized by three major sectors of 1) agriculture, 2) industry, and 3) transportation, respectively. The district has challenging topography with only 42% of cultivated land areas and only 8% of cultivated irrigated land. Variations in rainfall and temperature the past few decades have a significant effect on agricultural productivity. Due to poverty and greater dependence on cultivation and employment in the mines, tribal communities find it difficult to adapt alternate non-farm activities. Income from livestock has been a challenge due to disease attacks and limited water availability. Migration of rural labour to far flung towns in western India has taken place. 

An alternative perspective to the climate mitigation is on consumption. There are ways to reduce the impact of climate change such as reducing GHG, reducing water use, use of clean technology, effluent treatment, and use of chemicals or reduce energy savings devices, low emission modes of transport, etc. In agriculture, altering sowing period; switching to crops less sensitive to climate change; switching to drought resistant or heat resistant or low water seed varieties. Tribal communities have to reply on non-farm income.

Horticulture is adaptive alternative for tribal communities. Horticulture depends upon lift irrigation and rich source of ground water.  Livestock are an important component of agricultural income in Sundargarh. Livestock provide high-value, protein-rich animal products, farm draught power and manure, and act as an asset that can is resold for cash in need. An increase in spell of temperature can negatively impact reproduction and survival of livestock. Goat or animal breeding is remunerative but will be dependent on grasslands and perennial water bodies. Livestock is vulnerable to epidemic attack.  The sources of non timber forest produce (NTFPs) contribute about 20% of the total cash income per household.  For example, Mahua (Madhuca indica, the flowers of which are collected, store and either consumed or distilled as country liquor or sold in local weekly village markets in Sundargarh. As the availability of NTFPs diminishes, the livelihood alternatives for meeting subsistence needs of the community also decreases.  

This case conducts a scenario analysis of the climate impact in three stages, to begin with, 1) deducing enhancements to carbon foot print, 2) assessment of economic impact and, 3) arriving at total financial losses due to the net effect on consumption caused by loss of livelihood, employment, crop loss, etc. This case arrives at the financial impact of climate-induced changes in Sundargarh district in Eastern India. A farmer Michael Kerketta, a temporary labourer who worked in the mines as came across the news that climate change had caused the loss of farming in his village. Michael had lost his paternal and to mining companies.

The soltuion involves developing a statement detailing the analysis and conclusions regarding the potential choice of abatement or no abatement. Businesses and policy makers should be interested in arriving at the total financial losses (damages) attributed to each source of impact. Ultimately, policy makers are looking for a clear and concise recommendation. The focus was on impact on parameters of livelihood, cropping, prices, (three simple steps of physical, economic and financial impact, respectively. Possible adaptation the options of the loss of livelihood and alternate livelihood by the tribal community were also evaluated. To begin with, we computed disaggregated GHG emissions of consumption in categories of Food and Non-Food (e.g., Shelter, Clothing, electricity, transport and services, etc). 

Due to poverty and greater dependence on cultivation and mining of natural resources, tribal communities find it difficult to adopt alternate non-farm activities. Income from livestock has been a challenge due to disease attacks and limited water availability. Migration of rural labour to far flung western India. The focus was on impact on parameters of livelihood, cropping, prices, (three simple steps of physical, economic and financial impact, respectively. Possible adaptation the options of the loss of livelihood and alternate livelihood by the tribal community were also evaluated. To begin with, we computed disaggregated GHG emissions of consumption in categories of Food and Non-Food (e.g., Shelter, Clothing, electricity, transport and services, etc). 

An alternative perspective to the climate mitigation is on consumption. There are ways to reduce the impact of climate change such as reducing GHG, reducing water use, use of clean technology, effluent treatment, and use of chemicals or reduce energy savings devices, low emission modes of transport, etc. In agriculture, altering sowing period; switching to crops less sensitive to climate change; switching to drought resistant or heat resistant or low water seed varieties. Tribal communities have to reply on non-farm income.

Horticulture is adaptive alternative for tribal communities. Horticulture depends upon lift irrigation and rich source of ground water.  Livestock are an important component of agricultural income in Sundargarh. Livestock provide high-value, protein-rich animal products, farm draught power and manure, and act as an asset that can is resold for cash in need. An increase in spell of temperature can negatively impact reproduction and survival of livestock. Goat or animal breeding is remunerative but will be dependent on grasslands and perennial water bodies. Livestock is vulnerable to epidemic attack.  The sources of non timber forest produce (NTFPs) contribute about 20% of the total cash income per household.  For example, Mahua (Madhuca indica, the flowers of which are collected, store and either consumed or distilled as country liquor or sold in local weekly village markets in Sundargarh. As the availability of NTFPs diminishes, the livelihood alternatives for meeting subsistence needs of the community also decreases.  

This also includes a scenario of alternate livelihood which involves the evaluation of the challenge of coping with changing climatic conditions. For instance, green farming, crop rotation, less water intensive crops and reliance on renewable energy combined with alterations in mode of transport such as Sub-Urban Railways for Intra District Personal Transport, etc. Further, reliance on non-farm income (e,g, Goat or animal breeding) is remunerative but could depend on grasslands and perennial water bodies, the shares of which have fallen over the years.

TRIBAL BLOCKS OF SUNDARGARH DISTRICT ABOUT 2 BLOCKS OF BONAI AND BALISANKARA IN THE DISTRICT.

There are not many research work done in the area of study of tribal livelihood that combines climate and non farm occupations, especially in south asia. 

Bonai census town has a population of 7,080 according to 2011 census. We would be able to cover at least 10% post pilot period which may become double at the end of the year.

the potential financial impact projected today versus the part of the pilot which shows perceptible and convincing results.

School of Management

NIT Rourkela

769008

Full Time Staff

6

Part Time

0

Details of PhD Students

2010-2020

35

Finance

10

Marketing

15

HR

15

National Institute of Technology, Rourkela (NIT) formerly known as Regional Engineering College, (REC) is one of the premier national level institutions for technical education in the country. The main objective of the institute is to produce quality Engineers and Scientists in Graduate and Post-Graduate levels in various branches of Engineering and Science. The institute is managed by the Board of Governors of National Institute of Technology

(Rourkela) Society and vested with significant degree of administrative and financial autonomy. Government of India has recognised the institute as a premier institution of repute and has developed it as a centre of excellence under plan funding. The campus of the institute consisting of the institute buildings, halls of residence and staff colony is situated at the eastern end of Rourkela steel city, beyond Sector-1 over an area of 262 hectares of land provided by the Government of Orissa. It is a residential campus offering accommodation to faculty, staff and students. The campus has all the amenities for developing personal, social and academic skills of the student community. (Enclosed Annexure 2 for the details of the activities of the Institution during the last three years, its constitution, research expertise and facilities available, infrastructure, etc)

     Areas of Expertise 

Product Testing

Field Survey

Online Survey

Data Analysis

Experimental Design

Campaign Creatives

Development of Financial Tools

CSR Assessment Tools

Designing Off Site Recruitment Tools

-sharing and dissemination of knowledge

-free entry of training delegates to workshops

-free distribution of study materials

-others

The focus of this study is on impact on parameters of livelihood, cropping, prices, (three simple steps of physical, economic and financial impact, respectively. The first step of yield changes and output share changes across all crops, followed by change in employment in industry, mines, farming, services and construction is aggregated to arrive at the total change. 

-field visit costs

-service costs

-data processing costs

-solution implementation and testing costs

Field research will be undertaken by us independently. We will recruit temporary staff to conduct primary data from farmers by traveling onsite. There will not be any partnership with third parties.