For some
RNA viruses, vaccines and anti-viral small-molecule pharmaceutical drugs exist,
but not for the others, such as Covid-19. Even for those for which vaccines and
anti-viral small-molecule pharmaceutical drugs exist or will be developed in
the future, those vaccines and anti-viral small-molecule pharmaceutical drugs
may have limited or no protection for when the virus will mutate. Moreover,
vaccinations and anti-viral small-molecule pharmaceutical drugs are not always
sufficiently protective, especially for vulnerable populations with
pre-existing conditions that place them at a higher risk group of dying or
developing a disability.
Some viruses mutate seasonally,
and even seasonal vaccinations do not always keep-up with mutations and many
patients die every year even from seasonal influenza, or once-in-several-years
from swine or avian influenza. Yet other viruses, mutate less frequently into
more dangerous variants, for example, coronavirus mutated into deadly SARS-CoV
in 2003, then again into deadly MERS‐CoV in 2012, and recently it has
mutated yet again into another deadly version known as Covid-19 (a.k.a.,
SARS-CoV-2).
Therefore, there is a significant
need for a new class of medicines that can directly target and effectively
treat patients already infected with RNA viruses.